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Battle of Odessa (1914)
The Battle of Odessa was an Ottoman naval attack against the Russian-held port of Odessa, Ukraine in October 1914. At the time of battle the Ottoman Navy had just launched a major raid into the Black Sea to destroy the Russian Black Sea Fleet and to attack targets on land. In response to the raid Russia declared war on the Ottomans on November 1, 1914.
==Battle==
The overall raid was led by former German Mediterranean Squadron commander Admiral Wilhelm Souchon, appointed to lead the Ottoman Navy in August 1914. With a force of one battlecruiser, two cruisers, four destroyers and two minelayers, he entered the Black Sea on October 27 to attack Russian naval bases before engaging the main Russian fleet if presented a favorable opportunity. He performed several attacks on various locations. Souchon sent the German-built destroyers ''Gayret-i Vataniye'' and ''Muavenet-i Milliye'' under the command of Ayasofyali Ahmet to attack Odessa. The two vessels entered the port area at around 3:00 am on October 29 where they encountered three Russian warships and four merchant ships. Russian forces included the two gunboats ''Kubanets'', ''Donets'' and the minelayer ''Beshtau''.
The following engagement was the first action of the raid. ''Gayret-i Vataniye'' and ''Muavenet-i Milliye'' attacked the ''Donets'' first with their guns and when close enough the ''Gayret-i Vataniye'' let loose a couple of torpedoes. One struck the 1,200-ton ''Donets'' and she quickly sank (but was raised later in the war). ''Kubanets'' was engaged next and she fled after being struck several times by Ottoman gunfire along with the four Russian commercial steamers. The last Russian warship involved was the minesweeper, which was attacked by gunfire and sank after burning for a while. Following the naval skirmish the two destroyers began bombarding the city. For an hour the two Ottoman vessels fired, causing heavy damage without resistance. They then left Odessa before 5:00 am, and regrouped with one of the minelayers which laid mines off Ochakiv, sailing back to Istanbul.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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